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文首前言

其实也是刚开始学python，但还没到搭web环境这一步，强行试了一下部署python的web环境，结果从上周二搞到现在！帖子、视频，看了不计其数，当然，也踩了很多坑！一开始甚至都没搞懂Django和flask是什么关系，那个痛苦、纠结，真的不堪回首，有几次，看着马上就要成功了，结果，就差一步，愣是搞了好几个小时，各种排错，填坑，然而，并无卵用，MD，真的，好多次想放弃，好多次！但想想，放弃好丢人，就坚持了一下，走走停停，磕磕绊绊的，终于，给搞出来了！今天，就只简单说说搭建步骤，知识点就不扫了（因为这类的帖子，真的好多，网上一搜就是）。

软件版本

LinuxCentOS 7.2Nginx-1.10.2Python-3.5.2

具体步骤

1、准备CentOS 7.2系统环境，并创建基础目录mkdir -p /mine/softwarecd /mine/software

2、进入到软件存放目录，下载Python-3.5.2.tgz文件，解压、配置、编译、安装wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.2/Python-3.5.2.tgztar -zxvf Python-3.5.2.tgzcd Python-3.5.2./configuremakemake install

python的配置、编译、安装可能会好一会。执行完【 make install】，最后结果大概是：

if test "xupgrade" != "xno"  ; then \	case upgrade in \		upgrade) ensurepip="--upgrade" ;; \		install|*) ensurepip="" ;; \	esac; \	 ./python -E -m ensurepip \		$ensurepip --root=/ ; \fiIgnoring ensurepip failure: pip 8.1.1 requires SSL/TLS

这里有提示，需要SSL/TLS这两个协议，所以，得安装一下yum install openssl-devel -yyum install zlib-devel -y

若你忘了这一步，在安装完Nginx，再执行以上操作的时候，可能出现

[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z /]# yum install openssl-devel -yLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfilePackage 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-19.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest versionNothing to do[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z /]# yum install zlib-devel -yLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfilePackage zlib-devel-1.2.7-18.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest versionNothing to do[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z /]#

出现以上，表示已安装，就不用管了！

测试python3 如下成功：

[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z nginx-1.10.2]# python3Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 19 2019, 11:09:08)[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11)] on linuxType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>>

3、下载、安装Nginx-1.10.2到指定目录安装依赖（任何路径都可以）：yum -y install gcc zlib zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel目录：/mine/software/cd /mine/software/获取资源wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz解压tar -zxvf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz创建安装目录：mkdir /mine/serve/nginx进入压缩包目录cd nginx-1.10.2配置部署Nginx./configure --prefix=/mine/serve/nginx编译、安装make && make install

这里，只要你提前安装了依赖，通常不会有异常、报错出现！

4、创建站点项目目录、并进入mkdir -p /mine/www/mysite进入cd /mine/www/

5、使用python3 创建虚拟目录位置：/mine/www创建虚拟目录：python3 -m venv venv注意：这里一定是python3，而不是python

python3 创建虚拟目录，并查看，如下成功：

[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]# python3 -m venv venv[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]# lsmysite  venv

6、激活虚拟环境进入venv目录看一下cd /mine/www/venv/退出venv目录cd ..激活source venv/bin/activate

激活虚拟目录，并查看，如下成功：

[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]# source venv/bin/activate(venv) [root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]#

出现“(venv) ”表示进入虚拟环境。

7、使用pip安装flask框架在哪个目录都可以执行此操作pip3 install flask注意：这里可能有坑，提示-bash: pip3: command not found这时，你可以试一下pip install flask

出现如下，表示成功：

(venv) [root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]# pip install flaskCollecting flask  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/9b/93/628509b8d5dc749656a9641f4caf13540e2cdec85276964ff8f43bbb1d3b/Flask-1.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (94kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 102kB 1.9MB/sCollecting Jinja2>=2.10.1 (from flask)  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/65/e0/eb35e762802015cab1ccee04e8a277b03f1d8e53da3ec3106882ec42558b/Jinja2-2.10.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (125kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 6.0MB/sCollecting click>=5.1 (from flask)  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/fa/37/45185cb5abbc30d7257104c434fe0b07e5a195a6847506c074527aa599ec/Click-7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (81kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 57.4MB/sCollecting Werkzeug>=0.15 (from flask)  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/ce/42/3aeda98f96e85fd26180534d36570e4d18108d62ae36f87694b476b83d6f/Werkzeug-0.16.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (327kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 327kB 66.5MB/sCollecting itsdangerous>=0.24 (from flask)  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/76/ae/44b03b253d6fade317f32c24d100b3b35c2239807046a4c953c7b89fa49e/itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whlRequirement already satisfied: MarkupSafe>=0.23 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from Jinja2>=2.10.1->flask)Installing collected packages: Jinja2, click, Werkzeug, itsdangerous, flask  Found existing installation: Jinja2 2.9.6    Uninstalling Jinja2-2.9.6:      Successfully uninstalled Jinja2-2.9.6Successfully installed Jinja2-2.10.3 Werkzeug-0.16.0 click-7.0 flask-1.1.1 itsdangerous-1.1.0You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 19.3.1 is available.You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

8、对Nginx服务的配置文件，进行配置注意：配置Nginx的时候，新开一个xshell窗口，因为【7】处在虚拟环境进入配置文件cd /mine/serve/nginx/conf备份配置文件cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak创建配置文件目录mkdir site-enable修改配置文件vi nginx.conf（按insert键，看到左下角出现“--insert”字样，进入编辑模式，右键，粘贴以下内容，然后，摁Esc键，切换到英文模式，最后输入“:wq”,即保存）

配置文件修改后，如下

user  root;worker_processes  auto;events {    worker_connections  1024;}http {    include       mime.types;    default_type  application/octet-stream;    gzip            on;    sendfile        on;    keepalive_timeout  65;    include sites-enabled/*.conf;}

进入新建目录cd sites-enabled编辑、创建配置文件vim mysite.conf

server {        listen          80;        server_name     36.139.25.678;        charset         utf-8;        access_log      /mine/log/nginx/mysite.access.log main;        error_log       /mine/log/nginx/mysite.error.log  warn;        location / {                root    /mine/www/mysite;                index   index.html index.htm;                include         uwsgi_params;                uwsgi_pass      127.0.0.1:8080;                uwsgi_param     UWSGI_PYHOME    /mine/www/venv;                uwsgi_param     UWSGI_CHDIR     /mine/www/mysite;                uwsgi_param     PYTHONPATH      /mine/www/mysite;                uwsgi_param     UWSGI_MODULE    run;                uwsgi_param     UWSGI_CALLABLE  app;        }}

创建日志目录，否则，测试Nginx的时候，会有报错mkdir -p /mine/log/nginx

9、回到虚拟环境窗口，准备安装uwsgi容器如果窗口关闭了，可重开一下，激活虚拟环境，即可进入虚拟环境

进入虚拟环境

[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z ~]# cd /mine/www/[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]# lsmysite  venv[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]# source venv/bin/activate(venv) [root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]#

使用pip3安装uwsgi容器pip3 install uwsgi如果出现以下情况，可换pip试试(venv) [root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]# pip3 install uwsgi-bash: pip3: command not found换pip试试pip install uwsgi如果有执行，但执行完显示“compilation terminated”，表示编译终止。然后，还提示你升级pip，不建议升级，即使升级，再安装uwsgi报错更严重！

那怎么办呢？重新配置、编译、安装python3.5 ！是的，你没看错，重新来配置、编译、安装python3.5！ （这是捷径！不信，你可以试试其他方案！！）a、进入你下载、解压的目录，配置、编译、安装cd /mine/software/Python-3.5.2./configuremakemake install

最终结果如是下面内容，表示好的兆头

Ignoring indexes: https://pypi.python.org/simpleCollecting setuptoolsCollecting pipInstalling collected packages: setuptools, pipSuccessfully installed pip-8.1.1 setuptools-20.10.1

b、删除原来的虚拟目录，重新生成、激活进入/mine/www目录cd /mine/www删除虚拟目录rm -rf venv重新创建虚拟目录python3 -m venv venv激活source venv/bin/activatec、重新安装flaskpip3 install flask出现如下，表示成功

(venv) [root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]# pip3 install flaskCollecting flask  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/9b/93/628509b8d5dc749656a9641f4caf13540e2cdec85276964ff8f43bbb1d3b/Flask-1.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (94kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 102kB 2.1MB/sCollecting itsdangerous>=0.24 (from flask)  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/76/ae/44b03b253d6fade317f32c24d100b3b35c2239807046a4c953c7b89fa49e/itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whlCollecting Werkzeug>=0.15 (from flask)  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/ce/42/3aeda98f96e85fd26180534d36570e4d18108d62ae36f87694b476b83d6f/Werkzeug-0.16.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (327kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 327kB 6.9MB/sCollecting click>=5.1 (from flask)  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/fa/37/45185cb5abbc30d7257104c434fe0b07e5a195a6847506c074527aa599ec/Click-7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (81kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 75.9MB/sCollecting Jinja2>=2.10.1 (from flask)  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/65/e0/eb35e762802015cab1ccee04e8a277b03f1d8e53da3ec3106882ec42558b/Jinja2-2.10.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (125kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 52.1MB/sCollecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from Jinja2>=2.10.1->flask)  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/6e/57/d40124076756c19ff2269678de7ae25a14ebbb3f6314eb5ce9477f191350/MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whlInstalling collected packages: itsdangerous, Werkzeug, click, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, flaskSuccessfully installed Jinja2-2.10.3 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Werkzeug-0.16.0 click-7.0 flask-1.1.1 itsdangerous-1.1.0You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 19.3.1 is available.You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

上面的结果，跟上面的【7】的结果好像有不同，仔细观察！

d、再次尝试安装uwsgi，结果如下，表示成功

(venv) [root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]# pip3 install uwsgiCollecting uwsgi  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/e7/1e/3dcca007f974fe4eb369bf1b8629d5e342bb3055e2001b2e5340aaefae7a/uwsgi-2.0.18.tar.gz (801kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 808kB 87.1MB/sInstalling collected packages: uwsgi  Running setup.py install for uwsgi ... doneSuccessfully installed uwsgi-2.0.18You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 19.3.1 is available.You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

10、给uwsgi创建配置文件切换到非虚拟目录，新打开一个窗口即可。进入到mysite目录cd /mine/serve/mysite创建配置文件uwsgi.inivim uwsgi.ini

内容如下：

[uwsgi]enable-threads=truethunder-lock=truevhost=truesocket=127.0.0.1:8080master=trueworkers=4max-requests=128

11、配置测试、启动Nginx服务进入启动程序目录cd /mine/serve/nginx/sbin测试Nginx./nginx -t -c /mine/serve/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z sbin]# ./nginx -t -c /mine/serve/nginx/conf/nginx.confnginx: [emerg] unknown log format "main" in /mine/serve/nginx/conf/sites-enabled/mysite.conf:5nginx: configuration file /mine/serve/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed

有报错！查看，报错行access_log /mine/log/nginx/mysite.access.log main;没有创建日志目录，无法写入，故报错，解决，创建目录cd /mine/mkdir -p log/nginx继续测试Nginx服务cd /mine/serve/nginx/sbin./nginx -t -c /mine/serve/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

结果：

[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z sbin]# ./nginx -t -c /mine/serve/nginx/conf/nginx.confnginx: the configuration file /mine/serve/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is oknginx: configuration file /mine/serve/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

启动Nginx进入/mine/serve/nginx/sbin/./nginx -c /mine/serve/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z sbin]# ./nginx -c /mine/serve/nginx/conf/nginx.conf[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z sbin]#

没有结果，就是最好的结果！表示启动成功！！！

12、切换到另一个虚拟环境的窗口，重启uwsgi进入到虚拟环境 cd /mine/wwwwuwsgi --ini mysite/uwsgi.ini

如果服务窗口停止连接，可重新进入

[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z ~]# cd /mine/www/[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]# lsmysite  venv[root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]# source venv/bin/activate(venv) [root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]#

执行完“uwsgi --ini mysite/uwsgi.ini”， 如果看到以下，不要慌张，这不是报错！！！不是！！！！！

(venv) [root@iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Z www]# uwsgi --ini mysite/uwsgi.ini[uWSGI] getting INI configuration from mysite/uwsgi.ini*** Starting uWSGI 2.0.18 (64bit) on [Tue Nov 19 14:28:30 2019] ***compiled with version: 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) on 19 November 2019 05:47:02os: Linux-3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jul 4 15:04:05 UTC 2017nodename: iZm5e8dv3a3mevwweefuo2Zmachine: x86_64clock source: unixpcre jit disableddetected number of CPU cores: 1current working directory: /mine/wwwdetected binary path: /mine/www/venv/bin/uwsgiuWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) ***your processes number limit is 3896your memory page size is 4096 bytesdetected max file descriptor number: 65535VirtualHosting mode enabled.lock engine: pthread robust mutexesthunder lock: enableduwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address 127.0.0.1:8080 fd 3uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) ***Python version: 3.5.2 (default, Nov 19 2019, 13:31:56)  [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)]Python main interpreter initialized at 0x1176090uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) ***python threads support enabledyour server socket listen backlog is limited to 100 connectionsyour mercy for graceful operations on workers is 60 secondsmapped 364600 bytes (356 KB) for 4 cores*** Operational MODE: preforking ****** no app loaded. going in full dynamic mode ***uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) ****** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode ***spawned uWSGI master process (pid: 17378)spawned uWSGI worker 1 (pid: 17379, cores: 1)spawned uWSGI worker 2 (pid: 17380, cores: 1)spawned uWSGI worker 3 (pid: 17381, cores: 1)spawned uWSGI worker 4 (pid: 17382, cores: 1)

uwsgi服务启动！

13、在mysite目录创建run.py文件cd /mine/www/mysitevim run.py

内容如下：

from flask import Flaskapp = Flask(__name__)@app.route("/")def hello():    return "Hello Python! Happy LDR!  "if __name__ == "__main__":    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080)

14、在浏览器输入你的ip，查看

看到以上内容，表示成功！

15、这里只是ip，我还还可以通过配置域名，进行访问首先，你得有域名。我这里是在万网购买的。有了域名（你还得备案，备案得好久，阿里会给你寄一个蓝底白字的大纸，让你站跟前拍照，并上传，备案，然后，提示你几个工作日完成。这里只说你已经备案完成的情况）登录阿里云控制台解析，登录控制台，进入【域名】-》进入【域名列表】-》在域名列表，找到你要用的域名-》【操作】列列点击【解析】-》若没有记录-》【添加记录】-》会出现一个弹出层，你只需在【主机记录】后填 www , 然后，在【记录值】后写上你的公网IP，如23.156.22.789 ，确定，提交即可！然后，修改/nginx/sites-enabled/mysite.conf在server_name行，添加你的域名，即可

server {        listen          80;        server_name     www.idonknow.net;        charset         utf-8;        access_log      /mine/log/nginx/mysite.access.log;        error_log       /mine/log/nginx/mysite.error.log  warn;        location / {                root    /mine/www/mysite;                index   index.html index.htm;                include         uwsgi_params;                uwsgi_pass      127.0.0.1:8080;                uwsgi_param     UWSGI_PYHOME    /mine/www/venv;                uwsgi_param     UWSGI_CHDIR     /mine/www/mysite;                uwsgi_param     PYTHONPATH      /mine/www/mysite;                uwsgi_param     UWSGI_MODULE    run;                uwsgi_param     UWSGI_CALLABLE  app;        }}

更改完配置之后，一定记得重启Nginx！但是，这里得注意，首先得停止uwsgi服务（ctrl+c退出），然后，停止Nginx服务（./nginx -s quit）！最后，重启Nginx服务，重新启动 uwsgi 服务[Nginx重启]cd /mine/serve/nginx/sbin./nginx -c /mine/serve/nginx/conf/nginx.conf[uwsgi重启]前提：在虚拟环境uwsgi --ini mysite/uwsgi.ini看见*** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode ***spawned uWSGI master process (pid: 17454)spawned uWSGI worker 1 (pid: 17455, cores: 1)spawned uWSGI worker 2 (pid: 17456, cores: 1)spawned uWSGI worker 3 (pid: 17457, cores: 1)spawned uWSGI worker 4 (pid: 17458, cores: 1)

最后，通过浏览器访问域名，如果，出现你打印的内容，表示成功！！！

结束！！！！

写在最后

通过总结这篇帖子，我细细回想了一下，整个过程，从了解、学习新的知识点，到踩坑、填坑，这中间钻了不少牛角尖，老是在那死磕，最后，也没找到好的途径，浪费了时间，消磨了斗志，其实，这种方式是错误的！碰到一个多小时还搞不定的问题，就该思考，是不是方式错了，是不是哪个知识点不了解，及时退出来，从全局的角度，思考一下，汇总知识点，重新出发，或许，才会更快的解决问题！

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